Byatangajwe ko ibice byinshi by'ingirabuzimafatizo by'umwana byavuye ku babyeyi babiri, mu gihe ikindi gice kigera kuri 0.1% cyavuye ku mubyeyi wa gatatu, w'umugore, watanze ingirabuzimafatizo ye.
Umuryango w'abantu bibarutse umwana umwe
Ubu buryo bw'intangiriro, ni igerageza ryo kwirinda ko abana bavukana indwara zikaze zo kudakora neza kw'utunyangingo tw'umubiri, zizwi nka 'mitochondrial diseases'.
Indwara ya mitochondrial diseases n'icyago
Izo ndwara zo kudakora neza kw'utunyangingo ntizikira kandi zishobora kwica mu gihe cy'iminsi cyangwa ndetse no mu gihe cy'amasaha nyuma yuko umwana avutse.
Imiryango ifite abana nk'abo imaze gupfusha abana benshi kandi ubu buryo bw'ikoreshwa rya DNA bubonwa nk'uburyo bwonyine bwo gutuma iyo miryango igira umwana wayo bwite ufite ubuzima bwiza.
'Mitochondria' ni uduce duto cyane tuba hafi muri buri kanyangingo k'umubiri w'umuntu duhindura ibiryo mo ingufu umubiri ukoresha.
Abaganga bakoze ibikomeye kugira ngo uyu mwana avuke
Utwo duce iyo tudafite ingufu tunanirwa guha ingufu umubiri bigatuma ubwonko bwangirika, imitsi igacika intege ndetse igacikagurika, umutima ugahagarara ndetse bigatera n'ubuhumyi.
Dutangwa gusa n'umubyeyi w'umugore. Rero ubuvuzi bwo kudutanga ni uburyo buhinduwe bw'ikizwi nka IVF [In Vitro Fertilisation], gituma abantu bafite ibibazo by'urubyaro babona umwana, bukoresheje uduce (mitochondria) two mu igi ryatanzwe n'ufite ubuzima bwiza.
Umwana aba afite DNA z'abantu batatu?
Ariko utu duce na two tugira amakuru yatwo bwite ajyanye n'ingirabuzimafatizo, cyangwa DNA, bivuze ko urebye abana bavutse muri ubwo buryo bakura DNA ku babyeyi babo ndetse n'igice gito kiva no ku watanze utwo duce. Iyi ni impinduka ihoraho igenda ihererekanywa mu bisekuru (ibiragano) by'abantu.
Iyi DNA yatanzwe ivuye ku wundi muntu ituma gusa utwo duce (mitochondria) dutanga umusaruro, nta ngaruka igira ku bindi bice nk'isura kandi ntabwo ituma habaho "umubyeyi wa gatatu".
Ubu buryo bwatangiye ryari?
Ubu buryo bwatangiriye mu mujyi wa Newcastle mu Bwongereza ndetse mu 2015 mu Bwongereza hashyizweho amategeko yo gutuma haremwa abana nk'abo.
Ariko Ubwongereza ntibwahise bukomerezaho. Umwana wa mbere wavutse hifashishijwe ubu buryo yavutse mu muryango w'Abanya-Jordania, wakoreweho ubu buryo muri Amerika mu 2016.
Hamaze kuvuka abana bangahe muri ubu buryo?
Urwego rw'Ubwongereza rushinzwe kugenzura imyororokere, ruzwi nka Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), ruvuga ko abana "batagera kuri batanu" bamaze kuvuka muri ubwo buryo kugeza ku itariki ya 20 Mata (4) muri uyu mwaka wa 2023.
Abana bamaze kuvuka muri ubu buryo
Urwego HFEA nta mubare nyawo rutanga mu kwirinda ko iyo miryango imenyekana.
Aya makuru macyeya yamenyekanye nyuma y'ubusabe bujyanye n'uburenganzira ku kumenya amakuru bwatanzwe n'ikinyamakuru The Guardian cyo mu Bwongereza.
Ni iki inzobere zibivugaho
Sarah Norcross, umukuru w'umuryango ufasha abafite ibibazo by'imyororokere witwa Progress Educational Trust, yagize ati:
"Amakuru yuko umubare muto w'abana bahawe uduce tw'utunyangingo [mitochondria] ubu bavutse mu Bwongereza ni intambwe ikurikiyeho, mu gishobora kuzaguma kuba igikorwa kigenda gahoro kandi kirimo kwigengesera cyo gusuzuma no gutunganya uburyo bwo gutanga uduce tw'utunyangingo".
Kugeza ubu nta cyo amatsinda yo muri Newcastle yari yatangaza, rero biracyari urujijo niba ubu buryo bwaragenze neza.
Profeseri Robin Lovell-Badge, wo mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku buvuzi, Francis Crick Research Institute, yagize ati:
Profeseri Robin Lovell-Badge,
"Bizaba biteye amatsiko kumenya ukuntu ubuvuzi bwo gusimbuza uduce tw'utunyangingo bwagenze ku rwego rw'ishyirwa mu ngiro, niba abana nta ndwara y'utunyangingo tw'umubiri [mitochondrial disease] barwaye, kandi niba hari ibyago ibyo ari byo byose byuko bashobora kugira ibibazo nyuma yaho mu buzima bwabo".
Urebye, hari ibyago byo "kugaruka" kw'indwara, aho uduce utwo ari two twose tudafite ingufu tugumye mu mubiri dushobora kwiyongera umubare, tukaba tugishobora kuvamo iyo ndwara.
Byigeze kugereranywa ko abana nk'abo bagera ku 150 bishobora kujya birangira bavutse buri mwaka mu Bwongereza.
